February 5, 2024

What are the most common causes of toothache and how to handle them?

Toothache is one of the most common dental problems, which can have a variety of causes. This ailment is not only unpleasant, but can also be a warning sign, indicating more serious health problems that require professional intervention. What are the most common causes of toothache and how to handle them? Read more to find out.

Tooth decay – a major cause of pain

Tooth decay is recognised as a major cause of toothache and one of the most prevalent oral conditions in the world. The process begins with the demineralisation of tooth enamel, which is the result of acids produced by bacteria present in plaque. This plaque is formed by bacteria living in the mouth that convert sugars and carbohydrates from food into acids.

The initial stages of caries can be difficult to spot, as they are not always accompanied by clear symptoms. If left untreated, tooth decay can lead to even more serious problems, such as pulpitis, which is characterised by severe and throbbing pain, and even the formation of an abscess. In such cases, dental intervention is necessary, often in the form of root canal treatment or tooth extraction. If this is the case, regular visits to the dentist are recommended. In Perfect Smile, we treat the first signs of decay, thus preventing further effects of this disease.

Periodontal disease

Periodontal diseases cause great discomfort and pain in the mouth. The most common diseases include gingivitis and periodontitis.

Gingivitis is the initial stage of gum disease and symptoms include red, swollen and bleeding gums when brushing or flossing. This is usually the result of a build-up of bacterial plaque at the gum line. At this stage, the disease is still reversible and can be effectively treated through improved oral hygiene and professional cleaning at the dentist.

If gingivitis goes untreated, it can develop into periodontitis, which is a more advanced form of gum disease. It leads to the destruction of the structures that support the teeth, including the bone and fibres that connect the teeth to the gums. The primary symptom of periodontitis is receding gums, which makes the teeth appear longer. As a result of weakened teeth, rapid tooth loss can occur.

Periodontal disease can also affect general health. Studies have shown links between them and, for example, an increased risk of heart disease, diabetes and other serious conditions.

Dental fractures and injuries

Dental fractures and injuries are common causes of sudden and acute pain, hence may require immediate dental attention. Such injuries result from a variety of causes, including accidents, playing sports and even everyday activities such as biting on hard objects.

A tooth fracture can involve different parts of the tooth, from a small crack in the enamel to a severe fracture that extends all the way to the dental pulp. If a tooth is fractured, a sharp pain may occur, especially when biting or exposing the tooth to warm or cold temperatures. In addition, there may also be bleeding from the inner parts of the tooth.

If the fracture involves the pulp, immediate intervention is required as the pulp contains nerves and blood vessels and its exposure increases the risk of infection and further complications. In this case, treatment may include root canal treatment or, in more advanced cases, removal of the tooth.

Bruxism

Bruxism, also known as teeth grinding, is a condition that is often associated with stress and can lead to toothache and other dental problems. It involves involuntary clenching or grinding of the teeth, which usually occurs during sleep, but can also occur during the day. Bruxism is often associated with factors such as stress, anxiety, and some sleep disorders such as sleep apnoea.

Teeth grinding can lead to a number of health problems. Among other things, it causes excessive wear and tear on tooth enamel, which can result in tooth sensitivity and even cracks or fractures. To deal with bruxism, it is necessary to see a dentist. He or she will usually recommend a mouth guard to help prevent the effects of bruxism.

How to handle a toothache?

Whatever the cause, the most important and first step when experiencing toothache is to see our dentist immediately. Only a professional is able to accurately assess the condition of the teeth and identify the source of the problem, which is important for effective treatment and the avoidance of further complications. The dentist, after a thorough examination, can suggest the appropriate treatment to help deal with the pain and the cause of the problem.

In a situation where a visit to the dentist has to be temporarily postponed, there are several home remedies for dealing with toothache that can provide temporary relief. However, it is worth emphasising that these are only temporary solutions and are not a substitute for professional dental care.

• Cool compresses – applying a cold compress to the cheek can help reduce swelling and relieve pain.
• Salt water mouth rinse – rinsing the mouth with warm water and salt (a teaspoon of salt per glass of warm water) can help to cleanse the mouth of food debris and bacteria and also provide pain relief.
• Over-the-counter painkillers such as ibuprofen or paracetamol can temporarily relieve pain, but should be used as recommended on the packet or as advised by a physician.

Conclusion

Toothache is a common problem that can signal a variety of oral conditions, such as tooth decay, periodontal disease, trauma and bruxism. Early diagnosis and dental treatment are crucial to help prevent more serious health problems. In the case of sudden pain, temporary, home remedies such as cool compresses, salt water mouth rinse or over-the-counter painkillers can provide temporary relief, but are no substitute for professional help. Regular visits to your dentist at Perfect Smile and attention to oral hygiene are the best way to prevent toothaches and maintain your oral health.